The five growth coefficients of the SLEUTH (Slope, Land-use, Exclusion, Urban, Transport, Hillshade) cellular automaton model of land use change and urban growth are often seen as an operationalization of urban DNA. The concept of urban DNA has been frequently utilized to describe how a set of urban growth parameters may encode the manner in which cities evolve in space and the spatial forms they assume as they do so. Socio-economic Impact Research Group, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland.It concludes by examining the reasons for inequality in such regions and the effects of public policy on it. It further indicates that the five wealthy global-city regions of New York, London, Tokyo, Paris, and the Randstad (Netherlands) vary in terms of the extent of inequality. This paper shows that global-city regions in wealthy countries do display high levels of income inequality (although not necessarily of class polarization), but that the explanation given by global-city theorists in terms of earnings is not wholly satisfactory. According to Sassen (1991), the particular industrial and occupational structure of global cities produces a bifurcated earnings structure that in turn creates the outcome of the "disappearing middle". Despite being, in aggregate, the wealthiest areas of their respective nations, global-city regions tend to have large, dense groups of very poor people, often living in close juxtaposition with concentrations of the extraordinarily wealthy. Indeed "the globalcity hypothesis" argues that these metropolises are especially prone to extremes of inequality (Friedmann 1986). Yet no convincing evidence shows that the inhabitants of global cities and their surrounding regions fare better than the residents of lesser places. Within the developed countries, business and governmental leaders of large cities typically aspire to reach global-city status.
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